fruits= ['apple','banana','orange']
print fruits

# sort()方法，永久排序,永久性修改列表元素排序，不可恢复到原来的排序
fruits= ['tomato','apple','banana','orange']
fruits.sort()
print fruits
fruits.sort(reverse=True)#按字母表逆序排


# sorted()，临时排序，sorted()让你能够按特定顺序显示列表元素，同时不影响它们在列表中的原始排列顺序，逆序
排列，传递参数reverse=True
fruits= ['tomato','apple','banana','orange']
fruits_sorted = sorted(fruits)
print fruits
print fruits_sorted
fruits_sorted = sorted(fruits,reverse=True)


# 倒着打印列表
fruits= ['tomato','apple','banana','orange']
fruits.reverse()
print fruits

fruits= ['tomato','apple','banana','orange']
for f in fruits:
	print f

# 要创建切片，可指定要使用的第一个元素和最后一个元素的索引。 与函数range()一样
fruits= ['tomato','apple','banana','orange']
print fruits[0:2]
print fruits[1:3]


# 如果没有指定第一个索引，Python将自动从列表开头开始
print fruits[:3]


# 不指定第二个索引，则切片终止于列表末尾
print fruits[2:]


# 可以使用负索引，打印列表末尾元素，如下打印后3个
print fruits[-3:]

#元组看起来犹如列表，但使用圆括号而不是方括号来标识
bytime = ('year','month','day')
print bytime[0]
print bytime[1]

# 最简单的if
if conditional_test:
	do something


# if-else
age = 17
if age > 18:
	print '未成年'
else:
	print '已成年'


# if-elif-else
age = 12
if age < 4:
   print("Your admission cost is $0.")
elif age > 18:
   print("Your admission cost is $5.")
else:
   print("Your admission cost is $10.")


# 使用多个elif
age = 12
if age < 4:
   price = 0
elif age < 18:
   price = 5
elif age < 65:
   price = 10
else:
   price = 5
print("Your admission cost is $" + str(price) + ".")


# 省略else代码块，else是一条包罗万象的语句，只要不满足任何if或elif中的条件测试，其中的代码就会执行，可能
会引入无效甚至恶意的数据。

# 测试多个条件,多个if连续判断

# 检查特殊元素
fruits = ['tomato','apple','banana','orange']
for fruit in fruits:
	if fruit == 'apple':
		print 'sorry ,we are out of '+ fruit + 'now'
	else:
		print 'buy'+ fruit


# 确定列表不是空的
fruits = []
if fruits :
	for fruit in fruits:
		print 'buy'+ fruit
else:
	print 'buy nothing'


# 使用多个列表
avilable_fruit = ['apple
','banana','orange']
buy_fruit= ['tomato','apple']
for buy in buy_fruit:
	if buy in avilable_fruit:
		print ('buy '+buy)
	else:
		print ('sorry ,we are out of '+ buy + 'now')

#遍历所有键值对
stu={'name':'zhangsan','age':'18','class':'test'}
for key,value in stu.items():
	print('\nkey: '+key)
	print('value: '+value)


# 遍历所有键
stu={'name':'zhangsan','age':18,'class':'test'}
for key in stu.keys():
	print('\nkey: '+key)


# 遍历字典时，会默认遍历所有的键，因此，如果将上述代码中的for key in stu.keys():替换为for key in stu:，
输出将不变。


# 方法keys()并非只能用于遍历,实际上，它返回一个列表，其中包含字典中的所有键
if 'class' not in stu.keys():
	print(stu['name']+'已经毕业')


# 按顺序遍历字典中所有键
stu={'name':'zhangsan','age':18,'class':'test'}
for key in sorted(stu.keys()):
	print('\nkey: '+key)


# 遍历字典中的所有值
intersts={'张珊':'sing','李思':'dance','王武':'sing','赵流':'write'}
for value in intersts.values():
	print('\nvalue: '+value)


# 通过对包含重复元素的列表调用set()，可让Python找出列表中独一无二的元素，并使用这些元素来创建一个集合
intersts={'张珊':'sing','李思':'dance','王武':'sing','赵流':'write'}
for value in set(intersts.values()):
	print('\nvalue: '+value)

# 字典列表
stu_1 = {'name':'zhangsan','age':'18','grade':'72'}
stu_2 = {'name':'lisi','age':'20','grade':'90'}
stu_3 = {'name':'wangwu','age':'17','grade':'80'}
stu_list = [stu_1,stu_2,stu_3]
for stu in stu_list:
	print (stu)


aliens = []
# 创建30个绿色的外星人
for alien_number in range(30):
	new_alien = {'color': 'green', 'points': 5, 'speed': 'slow'}
	aliens.append(new_alien)
# 显示前五个外星人
for alien in aliens[:5]:
	print(alien)
print("...")


# 显示创建了多少个外星人
print("Total number of aliens: " + str(len(aliens)))


# 将前三个外星人修改为黄色的、速度为中等且值10个点
for alien in range[:3]:
	if alien['color'] == 'green':
		alien['color']= 'red'
		alien['points'] = 10
		alien['speed']='medium'
		print alien


# 在字典中存储列表
goods ={'zhangsan':['sing','dance'],'lisi':['look book','have foods'],'wangwu':['write','sports']}
for name,good in goods.items():
	print (name + "'s goods are:")
	for g in good:
		print (g)


# 在字典中存储字典
grades = {'zhangsan':{'english':'80','math':'90','chinese':'72'},'lisi':{'english':'82','math':'70','chinese':'92'}}
for name,grade in grades.items():
	print (name + "'s grades are :")
	for sub,score in grade.items():
		print (sub + ":" + score)

# 条件不满足退出
num = 1
while num <=5:
	print (num)
	num += 1


# 用户自己选择何时退出
msg = ''
while msg != 'quit':
	msg = input('tell me something')
	if msg != 'quit':
		print (msg)


# 使用标识控制程序结束
flag = True
while flag:
	msg = input('input something')
	if msg == 'quit':
		flag = False
	else:
		print (msg)


# 使用break退出循环
while True:
	msg = input('input something')
	if msg == 'quit':
		break
	else:
		print ('I love ' + msg)


# 在循环中使用continue
num = 0
while num <10:
	num += 1
	if num % 2 == 0:
		continue
	print (num)


# while循环来处理列表和字典
# 将补考通过的学员加入通过学员列表中
stu_fail = ['xiaoming','qingqing','dongdong']
stu_pass = []
while stu_fail:
	passstu = stu_fail.pop()
	print ('恭喜'+passstu+'补考通过')
	stu_pass.append(passstu)
print (stu_pass)


# 删除列表中包含的某元素（全删，并不是只删除第一个）
test= ['dog','cat','pig','dog','mouse','dog']
while 'dog' in test:
	test.remove('dog')
print (test)


# 使用用户输入来填充字典
response = {}
flag = True
while flag:
	name = input('what is your name ?')
	res = input('what is intersting ?')
	response[name] = res
	ismore = input('do you want to others ,yes or no ? ')
	if ismore == 'no':
		flag = False
print (response)